Cordyceps mushroom: an overview of its properties and effects
Introduction
Cordyceps is more than just an ordinary fungus. As a valued medicinal mushroom, it plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine and is becoming increasingly popular in the Western world. Cordyceps is associated with a wide range of effects and health benefits, making it a prized part of natural medicine.
In this article, you’ll find a comprehensive overview of this medicinal mushroom, its different species and the key compounds responsible for its health-promoting properties. We’ll also look at how it is used and at possible side effects.
Contents
- What is Cordyceps?
- History of Cordyceps
- Types of Cordyceps fungi
- Compounds in Cordyceps
- Cordyceps as a medicinal mushroom
- Effects of Cordyceps
- How Cordyceps is used
- Possible side effects
- Conclusion: Cordyceps, a versatile medicinal mushroom
1. What is Cordyceps?
Cordyceps, also known as the ‘caterpillar fungus’, is a genus of parasitic fungi that can infect insects and other arthropods. However, the species used in supplements are generally grown in laboratories, are completely safe and are incredibly beneficial to health.
In recent years, this medicinal mushroom has attracted considerable attention, particularly in natural health and performance-focused fitness. Its effects are valued not only in traditional Chinese medicine; Western countries are beginning to recognise them too.
Cordyceps is a remarkable gift of nature. Its versatility and reported positive effects on health have made it one of the most studied fungi. While the antioxidants in other superfoods are known for their health benefits, this particular fungus is associated with an impressive range of benefits, from increased energy to immune support. Find out more in the section on its effects.
2. History of Cordyceps
The use of Cordyceps in traditional medicine dates back a long way. The medicinal mushroom was used thousands of years ago in Chinese and Tibetan medicine to treat various illnesses. Interestingly, it was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that the fungus became known and valued in Western countries such as those in Europe and America.
Its healing properties were first described in ancient Tibetan medical texts. According to these texts, it was regarded as a valuable remedy for increasing life energy and improving general health.
Because it was rare and difficult to collect, it was also known as ‘soft gold’. Today, cultivated forms of Cordyceps are available, allowing us to use the properties of this unique fungus safely and sustainably.
Scientific research has confirmed many traditional views about this medicinal mushroom. Studies show, for example, that it may offer potential health benefits in a range of areas, from immune support to physical performance.
3. Types of Cordyceps fungi
There are more than 400 species of Cordyceps, but only a handful are actually studied for medicinal properties and used for health purposes. The two main species in traditional Chinese medicine and Western naturopathy are Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris.
3.1. Cordyceps sinensis
This is the best-known species and has traditionally been used in Chinese and Tibetan medicine. It is a parasitic fungus that grows on a particular type of caterpillar in the Tibetan highlands. Research suggests that Cordyceps sinensis has a range of health benefits, including improved respiratory function, stimulation of the immune system, and support for longevity and vitality.
3.2. Cordyceps militaris
Cordyceps militaris also has a range of health benefits. It can also be cultivated efficiently and cost-effectively in a laboratory, making it more attractive for commercial use. Studies have confirmed its positive effects on the immune system and shown that it supports the cardiovascular system and improves athletic performance.
4. Compounds in Cordyceps
Cordyceps is known for its many useful compounds. The following are of particular interest:
- Polysaccharides: These complex carbohydrates play an important role in immune modulation and have anti-inflammatory properties. Research suggests that they may also help regulate blood sugar and support the cardiovascular system.
- Cordycepin: This distinctive molecule, found specifically in Cordyceps species, is reported in research to have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Beta-glucans: These are known for their ability to support the immune system and mitigate the effects of stress on health. Studies suggest that they may also support heart health. They are also found in Hericium, another medicinal mushroom.
- Sterols: Plant sterols are known for their cholesterol-lowering properties. They may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Essential amino acids and minerals: These are needed for many bodily functions, including energy metabolism, cell growth and repair, and maintenance of the immune system.
5. Cordyceps as a medicinal mushroom
Cordyceps’s distinctive and varied health-promoting properties make it a valued medicinal mushroom. Each medicinal mushroom has its own characteristics.
Compared with Hericium, also known as lion’s mane, which is valued primarily for its positive effects on cognitive health and the digestive system, Cordyceps offers a broader range of health benefits. These include improved physical performance and energy production, as well as support for the immune system and heart health.
Another noteworthy medicinal mushroom is Reishi, which is known for its ability to support the immune system and reduce stress. Unlike Cordyceps, which is used in particular for sports performance, Reishi is often used to support general wellbeing and manage stress.
6. Effects of Cordyceps
Like Reishi and Hericium, Cordyceps is considered a type of nootropic. When combined with other natural nootropics such as Guayusa, the medicinal mushroom has a particularly strong effect on cognitive abilities, as their effects reinforce one another.
6.1. On the immune system
Cordyceps contains a range of bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, which are known for supporting the immune system. Research has shown that it modulates the immune system by increasing the activity of white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infections and disease. Studies also show that the fungus can reduce inflammation in the body, contributing to general immune support.
6.2. On endurance and performance
One of the best-known effects of Cordyceps is its ability to increase endurance and performance. Athletes therefore often use it to increase energy production and shorten recovery time after training. Research has shown that Cordyceps can improve oxygen uptake, which in turn increases endurance.
6.3. On libido and sexual function
Traditional Chinese medicine has used this medicinal mushroom for centuries to treat sexual dysfunction and increase libido. Modern research supports these uses and suggests that it may increase libido and improve erectile function. This is thought to be partly due to the fungus’s possible ability to increase blood flow and testosterone levels.
6.4. On the ageing process
Cordyceps is regarded as a potential anti-ageing remedy. The antioxidants it contains help neutralise harmful free radicals, which play a role in ageing and many chronic diseases. Research has shown that it increases the activity of natural killer cells, which are important cells in the immune system.
6.5. Effects on mental wellbeing
Cordyceps’s calming effects may help reduce stress and anxiety. Some studies suggest that it may be able to regulate the balance of stress hormones in the body. In addition, some studies have reported that Cordyceps may improve cognitive function and relieve symptoms of depression.
6.6. Diabetes
In traditional Chinese medicine, this medicinal mushroom is often used to treat diabetes. There is scientific evidence that Cordyceps may lower blood sugar by improving insulin sensitivity and supporting the function of the pancreas, which produces insulin.
6.7. Heart health
Cordyceps may also support heart health. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help prevent heart disease. There is also evidence that it lowers cholesterol and improves heart function. One study found that it improved the heart’s ability to contract and dramatically reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease.
7. How Cordyceps is used
Cordyceps is consumed in different forms, depending on the intended use and personal preference. Options include:
- Tea or coffee: Cordyceps can be bought as a dried powder and added to hot drinks such as Guayusa tea or coffee. This is a convenient way to use it, particularly for those looking for an invigorating drink to start the day.
- Food supplements: Cordyceps extracts are available in capsule form and can be taken as a daily food supplement. This allows for precise dosing and is a practical, quick option.
- Cooking: In some parts of the world, particularly Asia, Cordyceps is used in cooking. The powder or dried fungi can be added to soups, stews or other dishes.
Studies have suggested that high-quality Cordyceps products contain higher concentrations of active compounds and may therefore be more effective. When buying, it is important to consider the product’s origin and avoid cheap products without a transparent supply chain.
8. Possible side effects of Cordyceps
Although Cordyceps is generally considered safe to consume, there are possible side effects to be aware of, particularly when taking high doses or if you already have health problems. According to studies, possible side effects include:
- Dry mouth or throat
- Nausea and diarrhoea
- Increased tendency to bleed, which is particularly relevant for people taking blood-thinning medicines
- Worsening symptoms in people with autoimmune diseases, as this medicinal mushroom stimulates the immune system
As with all food supplements, it is important to pay attention to how your body responds to Cordyceps. Evidence on use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not yet conclusive, so consumption should be greatly reduced or avoided during this time.
Combining Cordyceps with other food supplements or medicines is also not necessarily advisable. Some studies suggest that it may increase the effects of antidiabetic and antithrombotic medicines.
9. Conclusion: Cordyceps, a versatile medicinal mushroom
Cordyceps is a fascinating organism associated with a range of potential health benefits. Its traditional use in Asian medicine has been established over centuries, and newer scientific research has confirmed many of these traditional applications. Some of the key benefits attributed to Cordyceps include:
- Immune support
- Improved endurance and performance
- Increased libido and support for sexual function
- Slowing the ageing process
- Support for mental health
- Support for people with diabetes
- Support for heart health
Cordyceps is impressive on its own, but combining it with other natural substances may produce stronger effects. One possible combination is Cordyceps with Guayusa tea. Guayusa is known for its antioxidant and invigorating properties, and may work well alongside the health-promoting properties attributed to Cordyceps. In our blog post ‘What is Guayusa?’, you can find out more about the traditional energising drink of the Kichwa Indigenous people of Ecuador.
10. FAQ
What is Cordyceps and why is it known as a medicinal mushroom?
Cordyceps is a fungus that has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine. It is called a medicinal mushroom because it is associated with a range of health benefits, including increased energy, immune support and improved sexual function.
How is Cordyceps used?
It can be consumed in different forms, such as in tea or coffee, as a food supplement or in cooking. The exact way it is used depends on personal preference and the intended benefit.
What effects does Cordyceps have on health?
Studies have shown that it offers a range of health benefits. These include improved immune function, increased endurance and performance, support for sexual function, and relief from symptoms of diabetes and heart disease.
Are there any side effects?
Although this medicinal mushroom is generally considered safe, some people report side effects including diarrhoea, nausea and dry mouth. Caution is advised when combining it with certain medicines, such as antidiabetic and antithrombotic medicines.
Why does Cordyceps make a good combination with Guayusa tea?
Cordyceps and Guayusa tea may make a powerful combination. The medicinal mushroom improves physical performance and immune function, while Guayusa tea provides a long-lasting and effective state of alertness that contributes to improved cognitive function. This combination may help bring body and mind into an optimal state.